Quick History Of Art Essay Paper Example For Students

Brisk History Of Art Essay Paper Word Count: 1002Before the depiction of the human body can be critiqued,you must comprehend the specialists culture. As man evolvedover hundreds of years, his perspectives on the body likewise changed. Ourtour certainly demonstrated the extraordinary changes in differentcultures craftsmanship. Each culture and time presents very distinctcharacteristics. Through time and experimentation, we haveexpressed our perspectives on the human body unmistakably with ourart. Egyptians were the main individuals to make an enormous impacton the universe of workmanship. Egyptians required workmanship for their religiousbeliefs more than adornment or self-satisfaction. The mostimportant part of Egyptian life is the ka, the piece of thehuman soul that lives on in the afterlife. The ka required aphysical spot to involve or it would vanish. Most ofthe significant men of Egypt paid to have their body carvedout of stone. That was were the soul would live after theman bites the dust. They utilized stone s ince it was the strongestmaterial they could discover. Life span was significant. Thebodies are constantly romanticized and dressed. Figures are veryrigid, miserly, and are based on a vertical hub to showthat the individual is terrific or threatening. The greater part of the figureswere found in the equivalent: profile of the legs, frontal view ofthe middle, and profile of the head. Like most civilizations,Egyptians put a ton of confidence in divine beings. The sky god Horus, abird, is found in an extraordinary sum ! of Egyptian craftsmanship. Littlerecognition was ever given to the craftsmen. The accentuation wason the benefactor. Early Greek workmanship was extraordinarily impacted bythe Egyptians. Topography allowed the two societies toexchange their gifts. The start of Greek workmanship ismarked by the Geometric stage. The most well-known artduring the Geometric stage was jar painting. After thevase was framed however before it was painted, the artistapplied a slip (dim shade) t o outside. At that point the container wasfired and the craftsman would chisel his improvements into thehard shell. It was critical to chisel people into the firedslip and not paint with slip. The individuals in the picturesneeded light shaded skin, which was the shading underneath theslip, on the grounds that Greeks needed to make their craft as realisticas conceivable. Much like Egyptian craftsmanship, the Greeks idealizedthe assemblages of the individuals in their works. As the ArchaicPeriod advanced, Greek models were practically indistinguishable tothe Egyptians. In contrast to Egyptians, the Greeks refined theirtechniques. Greeks utilized marble to develop theirsculptures. It was viewed as progressively significant and beautifulthan any material accessible. They relaxed the lines of thebody. Greek stone carvers gradually consummated each shape inthe human figure. Greek individuals saw the human body assomething excellent thus they portrayed naked men. Ladies were in the end bare however just when there was areason, they should have been washing or something where theywould be stripped. They individuals that are etched are alwaysyoung and their bodies are as yet admired. The Greeksinvented contrapposto, the casual characteristic position of asculpture. A figure that is remaining in contrappostobecomes a model in the round, implying that theemphasis isn't just on a frontal view yet in addition from allangles. The Hellenistic Period developed as the Romansbegan to deliver the absolute best workmanship ever. This newrevolutionary style was unimaginable. Figures werent confinedto the unnatural or exhausting positions they had for quite a long time. All body parts were in flawless extent. These statuescame alive as their appendages connected into space. Vacantstares developed into human feelings, which were easilyrecognized on their countenances. I think this renaissance portrayedthe way individuals were thinking. They were exploringphilosophy, religion, and governmental issues. This was a period forrebirth. Christian workmanship was presented during the center ofthe second century. As a rule the main differencebetween Christian craftsmanship and Hellenistic workmanship is the religioussubject matter. After a moderate beginning the Christians introducedsomething new, the mosaic. Mosaics turned into a favoritemedium for beautifying places of worship. Man was seen inreligious scenes because of the spread of Christianity. Byzantineand medieval craftsmanship was agent. The specialists abilityto produce exact figures had relapsed. The accentuation wasnot on man any longer. Their craft was made to commend God. .u930c1f1c40e8d3763134990c8bf97ea4 , .u930c1f1c40e8d3763134990c8bf97ea4 .postImageUrl , .u930c1f1c40e8d3763134990c8bf97ea4 .focused content region { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u930c1f1c40e8d3763134990c8bf97ea4 , .u930c1f1c40e8d3763134990c8bf97ea4:hover , .u930c1f1c40e8d3763134990c8bf97ea4:visited , .u930c1f1c40e8d3763134990c8bf97ea4:active { border:0!important; } .u930c1f1c40e8d3763134990c8bf97ea4 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u930c1f1c40e8d3763134990c8bf97ea4 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; murkiness: 1; progress: darkness 250ms; webkit-change: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u930c1f1c40e8d3763134990c8bf97ea4:active , .u930c1f1c40e8d3763134990c8bf97ea4:hover { haziness: 1; change: obscurity 250ms; webkit-change: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u930c1f1c40e8d3763134990c8bf97ea4 .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relative; } .u930c1f1c40e8d3763134990c8bf97ea4 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-beautification: underline; } .u930c1f1c40e8d3763134990c8bf97ea4 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u930c1f1c40e8d3763134990c8bf97ea4 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; fringe sweep: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: intense; line-stature: 26px; moz-outskirt range: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-improvement: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: supreme; right: 0; top: 0; } .u930c1f1c40e8d3763134990c8bf97ea4:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u930c1f1c40e8d376313499 0c8bf97ea4 .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u930c1f1c40e8d3763134990c8bf97ea4-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u930c1f1c40e8d3763134990c8bf97ea4:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Ripoff EssayThe fifteenth century denoted the appearance of the Renaissance. Craftsmen have at last recovered the astonishing point of interest andrealism that the Greeks and Romans idealized. Artistspushed the cutoff points with new energizing mediums and brightcolors. Filippo Brunelleschi, permitted specialists to determinethe relative size of each figure by creating the vanishingpoint point of view. With that device it was conceivable to puteverything in flawless extent. People were not alwaysidealized as they were in prior hundreds of years. Numerous elderlypeople are found in the works of art. Neoclassical paintingscommonly demonstrated contemporary pieces of clothing and scenes. History painting turned out to be well known. A bigger transitionwas made when shading was utilized to set a disposition or expressinner sentiments. In no way like this had ever been thought of. Man saw his encounters as significant venturing stones. To guarantee that encounters arent overlooked they werepreserved in craftsmanships. People are frequently utilized in modernart. In spite of the fact that the individuals may show up enormous orimportant, they are generally just vehicles used to pass on amessage to the crowd. In Segals Red Light, we saw aman strolling alone before n old truck. The man was notcolored by any stretch of the imagination. He was by all accounts walking over a streetat night. A sentiment of misery or pity encompasses theman. The human isn't significant however the feeling is. Mostof the advanced craftsmanship utilizes the human body to depict a feelingor feeling. Once in a while will you locate any new craftsmanship that shows ahumans on the grounds that they uncommon. Sentimental landscapingis mind blowing. The possibility of the greater part of these pieces is to showhow irrelevant man is. Before people were consistently thecenter of consideration yet now here they are practically insignificant. Specialists like Thomas Cole give us what is straightforward as can be. The canvases utilize a great deal of shading to make very natural,unaffected scenes. It appears that we happen upon theselandscapes nearly coincidentally. They delineate perfect settingsthat are sound by the shameful acts of the world. In myopinion, the magnificence of these works is fantastic by anyother workmanship. Through the ages each culture had its owninterpretation of what the human body implies. I have brieflyexplained a couple of the broadest perspectives on the human body. So as to clarify one in incredible detail would take volumes. I altogether delighted in Monas voyage through the historical center and Ihope to see her there once more.

Essay Change Control

Article Change Control Article Change Control Workforce of Health Sciences, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada Conceptual Reason †To investigate the common experience of hierarchical change from brought together allotment and control of administrations and assets to an engaging organization way to deal with administration conveyance in one Canadian home consideration program. Plan/procedure/approach †Applying an interpretive phenomenological structure, information from inside and out meetings with an intentional example (n  ¼ 28) of suppliers, customers and casual parental figures were broke down utilizing hermeneutic strategies, and approved by part checking and peer audit. Discoveries †The general understanding of progress was contained two unique change designs: outwardly presented authoritative turn of events, encouraged by logical variables; and characteristically created transformational change, obstructed by the equivalent relevant elements. The examples together contained participants’ establishment of a response to the existential inquiry, â€Å"To have or to be?† Research constraints/suggestions †While interpretive research doesn't evoke generalizable outcomes, the ï ¬ ndings of this investigation enlighten the significance of picking change techniques suitable for the expected change, tending to what the change may intend to all included, and going up against the relevant components that subvert the change. Reasonable ramifications †New systems are required if engrained perspectives, qualities and convictions about expert help conveyance are to be changed. Creativity/esteem †The translation uncovered the idea of expert practice in wellbeing and social administrations, the effect of this work setting on training, and solid methodologies for overseeing authoritative change. Watchwords Organizational change, Health administrations, Home consideration, Social administrations, Canada Paper type Research paper Presentation Declining assets and authoritative rebuilding occupy consideration from endeavors to grow more customer focused, enabling organization ways to deal with wellbeing and social administrations conveyance (Falk-Raphael, 1996; Montgomery, 1993; Stewart et al., 2003). However in the ï ¬ eld of home consideration, uplifted shopper desires and assessments of approaches managing customers more prominent self-governance and voice in their consideration at home (Alberta Service of Health, 1993; Manitoba Ministry of Health, 1994; Saskatchewan Health, This interdisciplinary investigation was subsidized by the Medical Research Council of Canada and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research. The ï ¬ ndings and ends are those of the creators. No ofï ¬ cial support by the subsidizing bodies ought to be finished up, nor should it be gathered. The creators wish to recognize the specialized help of Ms Lisa Tran with the planning of Figure 1. Diary of Organizational Change The executives Vol. 19 No. 2, 2006 pp. 119-135 q Emerald Group Publishing Limited 0953-4814 DOI 10.1108/09534810610648861 JOCM 19,2 120 1996) bolster alter in this course. The restricted research proof proposes that customers exhibit potential for contribution (Fast and Chapin, 1996), however changing consideration ways to deal with engage them as accomplices in care might be moderate (England and Evans, 1992), unpleasant (Charles et al., 1996) and obstructed by hierarchical hindrances (Ferronato, 1999; McWilliam et al., 1994, 2001). Freely supported home consideration programs in Canada at present face this predicament. Their administrations typically are conveyed in a financier model by a decent variety of specialist organizations with shifting degrees of customer association in their consideration. Suppliers incorporate caseworkers, frequently medical caretakers or social laborers by proficient foundation, who evaluate customer needs, and dependent on their appraisals, choose, get to, arrange, screen and control sums and time allotments of assets and administrations. These caseworkers go about as intermediaries, contracting direct in-home help from other supplier gatherings, including proficient medical caretakers, word related, physical and language instructors, and social specialists, furthermore,

Letting Go of Shitty Relationships

Letting Go of Shitty Relationships Some relationships are particularly pernicious. We often develop relationships out of convenience, without considering the traits necessary to build a successful bond with another personâ€"important traits like unwavering support, shared trust, and loving encouragement. When a relationship is birthed out of proximity or chemistry alone, it is bound to fail. We need more than a person’s physical presence to maintain a meaningful connection, but we routinely keep people around simply because they’re already around. It’s easy to develop a connection with a co-worker, schoolmate, or someone who’s always thereâ€"even when they’re not adding any real value to our lives. It’s even easier to stay in those relationships: old relationships are comfortable, and starting new relationships is difficult.  New relationships require workâ€"but anything worth holding on to does. We’ve all held on to someone who didn’t deserve to be there, and most of us still have someone in our lives who continually drains us: Someone who doesn’t add value. Someone who isn’t supportive. Someone who takes and takes and takes without giving back. Someone who contributes very little, and prevents us from growing. Someone who constantly plays the victim. Victims become victimizers, though, and these people are dangerous: They keep us from feeling fulfilled. They keep us from living purpose-driven lives. Over time, these negative relationships become part of our identityâ€"they define us, they become who we are. Fortunately, this needn’t be the case: several actions can be taken to rid ourselves of negative relationships. First, you can attempt to fix the relationship. This is obviously the preferable solution (albeit not always possible or worthwhile). People change over time, and so do relationships. You can change how your relationship worksâ€"be it marriage, friendship, or familyâ€"without completely ditching the relationship. Sit down with the person who’s draining the vitality from your life and explain to them what must change in order for your relationship to work: Explain you need them to be more supportive, you need them to participate in your growth, and, although they are important to you, the relationship in its current state does not make you happy. Explain you’re not attempting to change them as a personâ€"you simply want to change how your relationship works. Finally, ask them what they’d like to change about the relationship. Ask them how you can add more value. Listen attentively, act accordingly. If you’re unable to change the relationship, end it. This is difficult, but it applies to any relationship: family, friends, lovers, co-workers, acquaintances. If someone is only draining your life, it’s perfectly acceptable to tell them: “This relationship is no longer right for me, so I must move on.” You owe it to yourself to move on. You owe it to yourself to be happy in your relationships. You are in control. Moving on is sometimes the only way to develop new, empowering relationships. Starting anew, empty-handed and full-hearted, you can build fresher, stronger, more supportive relationshipsâ€"important relationships that allow you to have fun, be happy, and to contribute beyond yourself. These are the relationships we all need. It’s also important to do your part. You, too, must add value to the relationship. Not by buying gifts or commoditizing your love, but by showing up every day and rigorously exhibiting how much you care, demonstrating your love through consistent actions, continually going out of your way to help the other person grow. Both people must do their part to grow the relationshipâ€"only then will both of you be satisfied with the relationship you’ve built. Read this essay and 150 others in our new book, Essential.

Tesco Human Resource Management - 1378 Words

INTRODUCTION: Human resources will be consider as important issue when there is a focus of achieving organizational goal and objectives or revising of company policy, employee issues or whether it’s an issues of delivering products and services to the user. Human resource management ensures that organization hold the desired skills required to perform the operations effectively and efficiently. HRM focus on two main factors which are appropriate approach and activities. It refers to the procedure of managing the staff like performing recruitment then selection and doing placement, promotions or termination. It consists of different aspects like planning, profession guidance, job design, training, reward scheme, diversity and protection.†¦show more content†¦Tesco human resource are divided in to three function which are as follow; Recruitment: Recruitment refers to hire the best available option to perform the job. To exercise this Tesco have to advertise their available vacancies in different ways. The procedure of job will be according to the job available. Initially they prefer to do internal hiring. To fulfil vacancy they assess the level of talent available, then they either they rotate the employees at same level or do promotions. If they can’t get suitable person, then job will be advertised internally on the intranet for couple of weeks. To do the external hiring, For external recruitment, Tesco advertises its vacancies via its Tesco website www.tesco-careers.com or through vacancy boards in stores. Their website covers a lot of information about the organization its vision and expectation from their applicants. . The search tool shows all vacancies in the organization available. There they can find the job and apply for the job. If the applicant thinks he is the right person for the job he or she may click on the apply button and will be ask to register on the site. This is necessary so that Tesco already has information about her education, work history etc. After registering they can send in their application form to the recruitment center, here the forms are collected and compared. 2. Selection: Selection is a process, which Involves choosing the most suitableShow MoreRelatedHuman Resource Management : Tesco1007 Words   |  5 Pages This assignment focus on analyzing human resource management in two companies: Tesco and Sainsbury which are in retail industry. It will highlight key area: human resource management, motivation, employment low. Tesco plc is the largest retailer in UK, as well as being a highly significant retailer globally.Tesco PLC is a British multinational grocery, and general merchandise retailer headquartered in Cheshunt, Hertfordshire, England, United Kingdom, that was founded in 1919 by Jack Cohen .It isRead MoreStrategic Human Resource Management at Tesco Plc3561 Words   |  15 Pagesbusiness school | Strategic Human Resource Management at Tesco Plc | An analysis of Tesco’s strategic HR and employee relationship management | | Abdul Latif Sultan (s1010402) | 4/1/2011 | Standard APA referencing style used Reference list presented at the end of the paper Word Count: 3009 This paper has been submitted at the University of Gloucestershire in partial fulfillment of the Masters in Business Administration course module ‘Strategic Human Resource Management,’ under the able guidanceRead MoreHuman Resource Management Is The Key Approach For The Organization1680 Words   |  7 Pagesstability. Human Resource Management plays a main role in the business to carry out greatest capability in an extremely fulfilling way. Human Resource Management is the key approach for the organizations. The people working independently and collectively together contribute for the success of the objectives in the commerce. It is as well termed as personnel management as the procedure is involved in organizing people. Human Resource Management employee s people, build up their resources, exploit,Read MoreDifferentiate Between Personnel Management And Human Resource Management1500 Words   |  6 Pages1.1. Differentiate between personnel management and human resource management Human Resource Management (HRM) is the purpose within an organization that aims to recruit, manage and provide directions for the people who work in an organization. The HRM department members supply the understanding, training, coaching and management advice, this allows the rest of the organization to operate successfully. The Human Resources (HR) are the people that staff and operate an organization, these people areRead MoreHuman Resource Management1145 Words   |  5 PagesWithin my assignment I would be looking at the effective operation of the human resource management, in terms of recruitment, as well as selection. Within these topics I would be critically discuss how they contribute to organisations, as well as the effect they have on the business. Select two topics from the list below and critically discuss how they contribute to the effective operation of the Human Resouce Management function. Your discussion must include theories and organisational examplesRead MoreThe Requirements Of An Organization1588 Words   |  7 PagesIn order to operate within the systematic manner, it is important for organisations like Tesco to cover the related phases and processes as provided in the following figure: Figure 1: Systematic Approach to Training †¢ Aim of organisation The aim of Tesco is to maximise its profitability levels while being competitive in the industry and among competitors. It is known that understanding the aim of the organisation under consideration is important to gain awareness about fulfilling the needs of jobRead MoreTesco1411 Words   |  6 Pagesthe organization. (Finance, Marketing, Operations, and Human Resources). Also, it will explain the key stakeholders of the organization and the key issues in managing stakeholders. Furthermore, it will include a SWOT analysis and a Power and Interest Matrix about Tesco. Business functions In the case study of Tesco, it is stated that they will appoint more staff to win their customers back. This step is related to Human Resource Management. HRM is activity, which include recruitment and definingRead MoreHrm on Tesco3698 Words   |  15 PagesInternational and Comparative Human Resource Management Muhammad Rasool | Submitted By : Muhammad Rasool Student ID : L0288SASA1011 Module : International and Comparative Human Resource Management Semester : 6 Submitted To : Rajendra Kumar amp; Tatiana Pavlovsky [TESCO] | | Table of Contents S. No | CONTENTS | Page No. | 1 | Abstract | 3 | 2 | Introduction | 4 | Executive Summary | 3 | Background of the Tesco | 5 | 4 | MissionRead MoreHrm at Tesco4846 Words   |  20 Pages ANALYSING AND EVALUATING HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT INTRODUCTION The functionality of an organisation is primarily based on many competencies which determine how well an organisation performs. Human Resource Management is one aspect within Project management that plays a significant role. Tesco PLC has become one of the leading retailers in the UK, as well as worldwide over the years. Founded by Jack Cohen in 1919, he began selling groceries from a stallRead MoreThe Hr Management : The Job Of Human Resource Management1146 Words   |  5 Pages1a.Personnel management is an administrative function of an organization that exists to provide the personnel needed for organizational activities and to manage the general employee-employer relationship Human resource management; The job of human resource management is to ensure that the organization has the human capital it needs to accomplish its goals. (Account management, 2009) KPMG; HR management 1.They make available the required training development any staff need right from recruitment 2

How to Grow a Cup of Quick Crystal Needles

Grow a cupful of Epsom salt crystal needles in your refrigerator. Its quick, easy, and safe. Difficulty: Easy Time Required: 3 hours Ingredients cup or small bowlepsom salthot tap water What You Do In a cup or small, deep bowl, mix 1/2 cup of Epsom salts (magnesium sulfate) with 1/2 cup of hot tap water (hot as it will get from the faucet).Stir about a minute to dissolve the Epsom salts. There will still be some undissolved crystals at the bottom.Place the cup in the refrigerator. The bowl will fill with needle-like crystals within three hours. Magnesium sulfate crystals readily take up dye, such as food coloring. Copyright (c) by Dai Haruki. All Rights Reserved. / Getty Images Tips for Success Dont use boiling water to prepare your solution. You will still get crystals, but they will be more threadlike and less interesting. The temperature of the water helps control the concentration of the solution.If you like, you can place a small object at the bottom of the cup to make it easier to remove your crystals, such as a quarter or plastic bottle cap. Otherwise, carefully scoop the crystal needles from the solution if you wish to examine them or save them.Dont drink the crystal liquid. Its not toxic, but its not good for you either. Learn About Epsomite The name of the crystal grown in this project is epsomite. It consists of hydrated magnesium sulfate with the formula  MgSO4 ·7H2O. The needle-like crystals of this sulfate mineral are orthorhombic as Epsom salt, but the mineral readily absorbs and loses water, so it may spontaneously switch to the monoclinic structure as a hexahydrate. Epsomite is found on the walls of limestone caverns. The crystals also grow on mine walls and timbers, around volcanic fumaroles, and rarely as sheets or beds from evaporation. While the crystals grown in this project are needles or spikes, the crystals also form fibrous sheets in nature. The pure mineral is colorless or white, but impurities may give it a gray, pink, or green color. It gets its name for Epsom in Surrey, England, which is where it was first described in 1806. Epsom salt crystals are very soft, with a Moh scale hardness around 2.0 to 2.5. Because it is so soft and because it hydrates and rehydrates in the air, this is not an ideal crystal for preservation. If you want to keep Epsom salt crystals, the best choice is to leave it in a liquid solution. Once the crystals have grown, seal the container so no more water can evaporate. You can observe the crystals over time and watch them dissolve and reform. Magnesium sulfate is used in agriculture and pharmaceuticals. The crystals may be added to water as bath salts or as a soak to relieve sore muscles. Crystals may also be mixed in with soil to help improve its quality. The salt corrects magnesium or sulfur deficiency and is most often applied to roses, citrus trees, and potted plants.

We Are Living Wild and Free Free Essays

Tangeniqua Traxler Running head: WE ARE LIVING WILD AND FREE â€Å"We Are Living Wild and Free† Teen drug and alcohol abuse is very common in today’s life. Teenagers and young adults become involved with alcohol for a lot of reasons. Some reasons might be for pleasure, or influence from family such as parents drinking and smoking in front of or with the teenager, friends, curiosity, acceptance, and pure pressure are just a few of the reasons teenager’s might began to drink or smoke at a young age. We will write a custom essay sample on We Are Living Wild and Free or any similar topic only for you Order Now Some teens think that if their parents smoke or drink, then it is alright to do the same on special occasions, which sometimes turn into smoking or drinking more frequently. Underage drinking can cause dangerous sexual behavior, such as unprotected sex, and sex with multiple partners. These actions can lead to unplanned pregnancy and for contracting sexually transmitted diseases (STD’s, also infections with HIV, the virus that cause AIDS. Excessive drinking creates secondhand effects that can put other people in harm. According to Steele (2012) alcohol can cause many physiological effects such as Sedation, muscle relaxation, drowsiness, and disinhibiting of impulses and emotion. Over a long period of use it can cause mood swings, make one have less patience, give one a false sense of confidence, make one more aggressive, delay the capability to make liable decisions, interfere with one’s alertness. WE ARE LIVING WILD AND FREE 2 Even though the NY state law is you have to be 21 years of age or older to purchase liquor, or be caught with it in public teens are still using. I’ve noticed nothing stops them from using, many turn to an older sibling to use their I. D to buy liquor or to go clubbing. Binge drinking (drinking of four or more drinks on a single occasion within two weeks) is a big problem on college campuses. It is binge drinking, different from drinking in general that causes most of the alcohol-connected harm that’s happening on campuses and in the students’ lives. A lot of teens don’t think that they will become addicted, and simply use drugs or alcohol to have a good time and to feel ike they fit in with their friends. When teens become addicted they start to lose friends, start to have health problems, and start to fail in school, they experience memory loss, and they lack motivation. Addicts tend to distance themselves from their family and friends with their negative acts, attitudes and unpredictable emotional swings. I personally know this from experience because my dad is an alcoholic. When I visit my dad w e never seem to have father and daughter time, I always find him passed out or he’s just somewhere getting high. I’ve seen him fall and pass out from being drunk, and I have seen him loose character from getting high. When he’s drunk he often get into serious arguments and fights with people surrounding him. If you say the slightest wrong thing to him while he is intoxicated he reacts to it. I myself have had alcohol before, but because I witness so much abuse to liquor I know how to limit myself while drinking. While drinking there’s stages you will go through of alcohol intoxication. Stage one you nearly sober, just getting started. Stage two your tipsy, usually signs of this is a blush face, stupid grin, loud voice and an aware love for mankind. The sufferer is incredibly deep, WE ARE LIVING WILD AND FREE 3 intelligent and insightful, but prone to giggles. Stage three you’re plastered†¦. really generous, loud, and self-confident. Starts suffering from long talkativeness and a belief that he or she can drink anyone under the table. Then you start to feel drunken usually suffering vision, hearing ; speech weakening, with a greedy appetite for pizza. Then one’s to get obsessed with anyone and everyone, having a specious faith that he or she is attractive regardless of drooling and slobbing. Stage five you’re wasted†¦ suffering from dangerous loss of balance, co-ordination and sex appeal. Liable to sleep anywhere, chatting confusedly with loss of most body functions. Your final stage is a hang-over†¦. suffering from near death, always with a pounding headache, unbalanced with no sense of humor. Needs complete silence and another drink! All these harmful stages can be avoided by monitoring the amount you drink. When you are in stage one you can give yourself some time to feel the drink, it may not affect you as soon as your finish but give it time. Most people get to stage three and don’t realize how much they are drinking, in this stage you usually don’t taste how strong a drink is so you continue to drink repeatedly to stage 5. The use of alcohol for a long length of time can cause many health problems. It can harm the liver, bones, endocrine system, and brain, and at the same time stunt ones growth. When a person drinks constantly, it has been known to deeply affect their liver. Over a period of time this out of control drinking can lead to cirrhosis of the liver or even suicidal behavior. Using alcohol for a long period of time can cause damage to the brain, which can alter one’s mood. Developing a mood disorder from alcohol consumption can one to develop suicidal ideation. WE ARE LIVING WILD AND FREE 4 I personally feel that a person of any age, race, and background can become an alcoholic, or addicted to drugs. It all starts by socially drinking and smoking with friends who seem to be handling it all. Eventually if there is a weakness in a person, they will breakdown and slowly began to show the signs of heavy drinking, falling out, disrupting other people, and using physical abuse. Since I have watched drinking destroy my father, I have learned the signs and symptoms of alcoholism and the effects it has on the family members. As a child I just thought he was a crazy person, who acted this way after drinking, I thought this is what he was supposed to do after drinking. This article gave information on many different psychological and physiological effects of alcohol. The author explained how alcohol, classified as a depressant drug could have bad long-term effects as well as health benefits. This is all depending on the person, the consumed amount, and the length of time the person has spent drinking alcohol. The author included the risks that are associated with drinking that allows one to enjoy. It can turn out to be an embarrassing time, as drinking decreases one’s ability to make proper judgments, or alter one’s mood. The author wrapped everything up after explaining that although can be a deadly drug; there are also good things that alcohol does to benefit one’s health. â€Å"LIVE ABOVE THE INFLUENCE! † How to cite We Are Living Wild and Free, Papers

Police Report free essay sample

Jenkins and SA Ike Fairlane, Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI), 10433 Ponderosa Drive, Durango, CO xxxxx, telephone number (xxx) xxx-xxxx, received a telephone call from Agent Jay Silverheels, Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), 111 Ute Way, Southern Ute Indian Reservation (SUIR), CO xxxxx, telephone number (xxx) xxx-xxxx. Agent Silverheels provided the following information: At approximately 9:30am on April 1, 2013, Richard Betcher and Nancy Stuart from Farmington, New Mexico, stopped by to see Anthony Zepanski at his residence at 730 Mountain Highway, SUIR, CO xxxxx. They discovered the body of Mr. Zepanski in the kitchen/dining room and the body of Ms. Betcher verified that Zepanski and Browning were dead. They then decided to leave the residence immediately. Betcher paniced at first and did not want to get involved; However, after having a discussion with Stuart they drove to the town of Ignacio, CO and contacted Town Marshal David Duschene, 111 Main Street, Ignacio, CO xxxxx, telephone number (xxx) xxx-xxxx. Marshal Duschene immediately contacted the Southern Ute Police Department (SUPD), 1973 Ute Way, SUIR, CO, xxxxx, telephone number (xxx) xxx-xxxx. The SUPD dispatched Officer Leonard Slye and Officer William Boyd to the crime scene. The Officers identified the victims and confirmed the double homicide. They contacted SUPD Dispatch via radio and secured the scene. Marshal Duschene then wrote an Incident Report regarding the information about Mr. Betcher and Ms. Stuart. The Marshal advised them to return to Farmington, New Mexico and that a representative from the agency that has jurisdiction in this crime would contact and interview them. Betcher and Stuart then drove back to Farmington, New Mexico. Agent Silverheels advised that he was at the SUPD Headquarters when the radio message was received from the two officers. Agent Silverheels then, on behalf of the SUPD, contacted My partner and I, FBI, Durango, CO, Regarding the double homicide. Agent Silverheels advised that he and Marshal Duschene would meet the two of us at the crime scene. Case No. 2013-41-SP BKJ On April 1, 2013 Special Agent (SA) Benjamin Jenkins and SA Ike Fairlane, Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI), 10433 Ponderosa, Durango. CO xxxxx, telephone number (xxx) xxx-xxxx went to a double homicide at 730 mountain Highway, Southern Ute Indian Reservation (SUIR), CO. My partner and I were accompanied by Special Investigator (SI) Steven Burrier, Chief Investigator, La Plata County District Attorney’s Office, 5415 Hondo Pass Road, Durango, CO xxxxx, telephone number (xxx) xxx-xxxx. My partner and I along with SI Burrier then met Agent Silverheels, Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), 111 Ute Way, SUIR, CO xxxxx, telephone number (xxx) xxx-xxxx and Marshal David Duschene, 111 Main Street Ignacio, CO xxxxx, telephone number (xxx) xxx-xxxx at the crime scene. All of the investigators met at the crime scene to determine primary jurisdiction in the case and to assist each other. After all investigators did a walkthrough of the crime scene it was determined that the jurisdiction belonged to the FBI. While the five investigators surveyed the crime scene a discussion took place among them. My partner and I learned the following from that discussion. Marshal Duschene advised that Anthony ‘Tony’ Zepanski is a non-Indian and was renting the house on the SUIR, CO, near the town of Ignacio, CO. Zepanski moved from Tucson, Arizona to Colorado over a year ago. He had been a minor drug user. He was never a drug dealer. His drug use led to his divorce and he had to come to Colorado for a fresh start. Zepanski did not presently own a vehicle and did not have telephone service at his house. He lived somewhat of a hippie life style and earned money through odd jobs such as woodcutting. This past summer the Southern Ute Tribe employed him as a supervisor of a youth work program. Zepanski had the reputation of being very hospitable and a excellent cook. He often invited friends over for a meal. Agent Silverheels identified the female victim as Colleen Browning. She resided in the town of Ignacio, Colorado and is part Tlingit Indian. She was employed as a part-time teller at the bank of Ignacio and she was attending Fort Lewis College in Durango, CO. Browning had the reputation of being a very nice young lady. Everyone at the crime scene, who knew her, was surprised to see her as a crime victim. Zepanski apparently liked her and had met her at the bank where he had a checking account It appeared from the crime scene that Zepanski had invited browning to his home for a meal. After the initial survey of the scene, the formal crime scene investigation was initiated. The first key pieces of evidence were located next to the dirt driveway in front of the house, i. e a Colorado hunting license (Copy Attached) in the name of Terry Irvin, six Winchester . 357 magnum shell casings and tire tracks. Following the discovery of the Colorado hunting license and the Winchester . 357 shell casings a conversation took place among the five investigators. My partner and I learned the following additional information from Marshal Duschene and Agent Silverheels. Marshal Duschene identified Terry Irvin as a prominent citizen of Ignacio, CO, and that he is an unlikely suspect in this case. Marshal Duschene advised that he has known Mr. Irvin for many years and that he is the owner/operator of irvins Rocket Chevron in Ignacio, CO. Marshal Duschene said that one week prior Irvin’s ? ton green Chevrolet truck was stolen from his residence. Other items in the truck included Irvin’s wallet containing the Colorado hunting license, chevron credit card, Sinclair credit card $100 in cash, driver’s license, and a Smith amp; Wesson . 57 Magnum revolver. Marshal Duschene stated that a copy of the Auto Theft Report is available at his office in Ignacio, Colorado. He also stated that he has identifying information on the two individuals that reported the double homicide to him, i. e. Mr. Richard Betcher and Ms. Nancy Stuart. Agent Silverheels said, after the hearing Marshal Duschene’s remarks about the stolen truck, that recalled that there has been a rumor on the SUIR that some guy named ‘Smith’ had been driving around the reservation in a green truck. Agent Silverheels said this information was memorable because smith is not known to be regularly employed, own a vehicle of any kind, and has had a reputation of getting into trouble, with law enforcement regarding drugs. SI Burrier asked that he be ikept apprised of this investigation in order to keep the La Plata County District Attorney J. Keny Cameron updated on the progress of the case since the SUIR is within the boundaries of the La Plata County, CO.

Accounting Problem Maynard Case (B) Essay Example

Accounting Problem: Maynard Case (B) Essay Statement of the Problem Case 3-1 Maynard Company (B) Diane Maynard was grateful for the balance sheets that her friend prepared. In going over the numbers, she remarked, â€Å"It’s sort of surprising that cash increased by $31,667, but net income was only $19,635. Why was that? † Her friend replied, â€Å"A partial answer to that questionis to look at an income statement for June. I think I can find the data I need to prepare on for you. † In addition to the data given in the (A) case, her friend found a record of cash receipts and disbursements, which is summarized in Exhibit 1. She also learned that all accounts payable were to vendors for purchase of merchandise inventory and that cost of sales was $39,345 in June. Questions: 1. Prepare an income statement for June in proper format. Explain the derivation of each item on this statement, including cost of sales. 2. Explain why the change in the cash balance was greater then the net income. 3. Explain why the following amounts are incorrect cost of sales amounts for June: (a) $14,715 and (b) $36,030. Under what circumstances would these amounts be correct cost of sales Given 1. Cost of Sales = $39,345 2. June 1 Balance Sheet [pic] 3. June 30 Balance Sheet [pic] 4. Cash Receipts and Disbursements for the month of June [pic] Solution Question 1. Prepare an income statement for June in proper format. Explain the derivation of each item on this statement, including cost of sales. a) Income Statement: [pic] b) Derivations i. Sales revenue: [pic] ii. Cost of sales: [pic] iii. Operating expenses: [pic] iv. Provision for income tax: [pic] Question 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Accounting Problem: Maynard Case (B) specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Accounting Problem: Maynard Case (B) specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Accounting Problem: Maynard Case (B) specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Explain why the change in the cash balance was greater than the net income. [pic] Change in cash balance was greater than the net income because the company received cash payments (for their sales, receivables and bank loan) more than they paid in cash their payables/liabilities (difference = 31,677): [pic] -Also, looking at the change in non-cash assets vs. the change in liabilities for the month: Change in non-cash assets lt; the change in liabilities, with a difference of $23,742 Question 3. Explain why the following amounts are incorrect cost of sales amounts for June, and under what circumstances would these amounts be correct cost of sales amounts: a) $14,715 $14,715 is the cash purchase of merchandise. This is incorrect because this is only a part of the total merchandise acquired and consumed within the accounting period. Inventory at the start and end of the month must be considered. Also, merchandise purchases even not yet paid must also be considered. This will be correct cost of sales amounts if ) the company has no merchandise inventory at the start of the period b) all purchases of merchandise were paid in cash within the period c) there is no inventory at the end of the period. b) $36,030 $36,030 is the total purchase of merchandise within the period of June. This is incorrect because there is beginning inventory and month-end inventory. This will be correct cost of sales amounts if a) the company has no inventory at the start of the period b) there is no inventory at the end of the period

Aristotle believes that man has a function in life Research Paper Example

Aristotle believes that man has a function in life Research Paper Example Aristotle believes that man has a function in life Paper Aristotle believes that man has a function in life Paper if the function of man is an activity of the soul in accordance with, or implying, a rational principle; and if we hold that the function an individual and of a good individual of the same kind e. g. f a harpist and of a good harpist and so on generally is generically the same, the latters distinctive excellence being attached to the name of the function (because the function of the harpist is to play the harp, but that of the good harpist is to play it well); and if we assume that the function of man is a kind of life, namely, an activity or series of actions of the soul, implying a rational principle; and if the function of a good man is to perform these well and rightly; and if every function is performed well when performed in accordance with its proper excellence: if this is all so, the conclusion is that the good for man is an activity of the soul in accordance with virtue, or if there are more kinds of virtue than one, in accordance with the best and most perfect kind. Essentially, what Aristotle means by this is that the overall human function is the souls activity together with reason. The activity of rational thought is what makes us human since no other living thing has the ability of reasoning. It is the ability to reason that all humans possess, but not all human beings function according to it (some are ignorant whilst others are unable to make logical choices). Also, all human actions taken together make up the good and everything we do throughout our lives contributes to the overall function. If we live well, according to the proper virtues, this will allow us to achieve what Aristotle calls eudaimonia (happiness). It is important that our virtuous actions are driven by the virtues and not just in line with the virtues. For example, a lawyer who argues for a poor man in order to gain a good reputation is not acting from virtue; he is acting in line with virtue. Aristotles argument in basic terms is as follows: a watch has a function and its goodness resides in that function; if man has a function then his goodness lies in performing that function well. For a watch to perform its function it uses the mechanisms within itself to achieve this; each of mans bodily organs have a function and so therefore man must have a function and this function is mans distinguishing feature: rationality. The chief good for man is a life following or implying a rational principle and to use that reason together with certain virtues. A problem with Aristotles belief is his claim that each of a mans bodily organs have a function and so therefore man must have a function. Not everything in the world has a clear function or a determined end. For example, a rose does not have a clear function other than the functions we think of for it (its beauty and its fragrance) but this does not add anything factual to it. In comparison, the function of our eyes give us the ability to perceive the world but this adds nothing factually to simply saying that our eyes causes us to perceive. When we speak about function we give it a normative status to causation but this is subjective to every individual. This works for all teleological ideas and it reflects our own interests. As for teleological arguments, they can only be defended, mainly, by religion and also by anthropomorphic ideas of nature. For example, Thomas Aquinas believed that natural law was not made up by humans but rather an unchanging rule or pattern which is there for human beings to discover. Aquinas says that natural law is so complex that it had to have been designed by a higher power and he stated that the only plausible answer is God. However, using God as the answer to the existence and aim of human beings is a weak argument. Jean-Paul Sartre believes in the concept that existence precedes essence and that the idea that existence precedes essence means that a human being, as well as human reality, exists prior to any concepts of values or morals. A person is born a blank slate and humanity has no universal, fixed values or ethics common to all of mankind. Since no essence or definition exists of what is means to be human, a person must form their own conception of existence by taking control of responsibility for their actions and choices. Therefore, a human being gains their essence through their own choices and actions. It is solely through the process of living that a person defines themselves. He uses the example of a paper knife saying that one cannot suppose that a man would produce a paper knife without knowing what it is for. A paper knife has essence before existence because it is designed for a specific purpose. Human beings do not; they have existence before essence because they are not designed with a specific purpose. Consequently, this challenges the function argument in that human beings do not have a certain end or a definite function; our function in life is made up as we go through life. Another problem with the function argument is presented by the is/ought fallacy. David Hume argued that there is a philosophical problem in believing that because something is the case it ought to be the case; he calls this the is/ought fallacy. For example, slavery exists but the fact that it is a reality does not mean that it ought to be. Abortion is a reality and some would argue that it is right to abort in certain circumstances but that does not mean we ought to. In this case, it may be a fact that humans possess reason but it does not logically follow that we ought to exercise our reason to live a fulfilled life. Professor Richard Norman says: why then from the fact that rational activity is distinctively human should it follow that we ought to live according to reason? An additional problem is, there are many distinctively human things that animals cannot do, why is reason the only characteristic Aristotle focuses upon? For example, we can gamble, give to charity, make art and become intoxicated by drugs but that does not mean that any of these are our functions. On what grounds does Aristotle use that animals cannot use reason? Surely what we call reason is no more than instinctive response but on a conscious level than any action in the animal kingdom. Aristotle could simply argue that these are all examples of humans not using their reason well because a tyrant, terrorist or gambler is using their reason but not in conjunction with their virtues. A good example of this would be the terrorist Osama bin Laden who thought he was doing good for the world where in reality he was creating devastation. In conclusion, although Aristotles belief of mans function in life gives us as human beings something to aim for (eudaimonia) it does not mean that man definitely has a function in life. Just because our organs work in a certain way does not mean our body must work towards something, and if our bodies are indeed working towards something then why must it be towards eudaimonia? As Sartre says, our function could be made up as we go through life. Why must we live life according to reason? Also, why must it just be reason we function upon? It is these questions that pose a problem to Aristotles function argument and therefore make his claim flawed.

Project Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 2

Project Report - Essay Example The petroleum cars contribute to alto of pollution whereby they may leave poisonous exhaust fumes or oil leaking from their engines. To conserve the various natural plants and animals, it is important to take into consideration conservation measures that will help preserve the forests. Using electric cars and bicycles will reduce exhaust fumes and the spillage of oil in North Pennines and, as a result, reduce pollution mainly. The paper will, therefore, focus on the use of alternative transport like bicycles and electric cars to reduce stress to reduce pollution to the natural environment of North Pennines. North Pennines is a natural reserve that people visit especially in their leisure or past times. It is a natural habitat far away from the city and the many activities that affect the cities and towns. There are people who stay there and as a result help to maintain and take care of the various plants and animals. The area has human settlements and the forests and natural areas where people do not inhabit. The people thus visit North Pennines to enjoy the tranquility associated with it and to venture into natural adventures especially when sampling the various animals and organisms in North Pennines. The environment is mostly natural and an excellent habitat for the different plants found in North Pennines. Many people come with their private cars into North Pennines. Most people use their cars to move around and, as a result, a venture with the cars to North Pennines. They travel through the vast lands and the moorland using their cars. The cars, therefore, cover a lot of mileage w hen moving around North Pennines, and, as a result, bring with them a lot of pollution to an area that does not have much pollution near it. It is in a remote place, so the use of a car is essential for accessing it. People can use bicycles in accessing the area. Since cars come with pollution, it is

Henri Fayol and his continued relevance in an evolved system Essay

Henri Fayol and his continued relevance in an evolved system - Essay Example This analysis will concur with the latter assessment as it is this author’s belief that although Fayol could probably not have conceived of our current economic system, his functions of management are as essentially relevant to a service oriented economy as they were an industrial economy. Fayol’s functions of management are as follows: 1- To forecast and plan; 2- To organize; 3- To command; 4- To coordinate; 5- To control. As such, consider a business manager today (whether the business be an IT support center, or a steel mill) has very much the same managerial tasks. Imagine the tasks that these managers are responsible for on a daily basis. Though the industries are nearly at the polar opposite ends of the spectrum, management’s tasks remain incredibly similar. The manager must forecast and plan, i.e. the manager must be able to draw inference from incoming inputs and use those inputs to forecast future actions (Amsden et al, 1996). Regardless of the industry, this remains a primary function of management and one that simply cannot be disregarded. Likewise, the manager of both aforementioned firms must organize tasks and employees and teams to complete those assigned tasks. Without organizational skill, direction is lost and management becomes impossible. Accordingly, the ability of a manager to command the progress and workflow remains a vital component of ensuring that the work is performed according to the rubric laid out in the planning and forecasting function. Furthermore, without coordination of people, teams, and workflow, it is nearly impossible to imagine any task (whether at a high end service company or a basic industrial firm) would ever be completed satisfactorily. Lastly, with respect to control, regardless of the type of firm the manager is responsible for governing, he/she must necessarily receive feedback upon the overall process and adjust his/her methods and inputs accordingly. Because these principles of management a re so basic, so intrinsic to the overall notion of proper direction in a firm, it is hard to imagine a world in which the guiding principles of Fayol would not be manifest (Gannon et al, 1999). In short, due to the simplicity of these functions, they retain the utmost relevance even in today’s service driven economy. In their work, â€Å"Revisiting Fayol: Anticipating Contemporary Management†, Parker and Ritson determined that Fayol’s works were far more visionary and insightful than previously thought. They determined that elements of Fayol’s analysis transcended the boundaries of the era of industrial management which Fayol was speaking. Further, the study uncovered, â€Å"traces of ideas and concepts that anticipated aspects of the human relations movement, systems-based contingency theory, the movement towards greater employee involvement in decision-making and elements of knowledge management† (Parker/Ritson, 2005). Rather than Fayol being mer ely considered as a father of management theory, the analysis gives evidence for the fact that Fayol’s writings, personal background, career, and ideas all lend credence to the fact that he was more forward-thinking and visionary as to the evolution of management than most sources give

Culture Shock Of Studying Abroad Cultural Studies Essay

Culture Shock Of Studying Abroad Cultural Studies Essay In the globalising world, more and more people go to abroad for work and study. Culture shock has been widely present in intercultural communication. Where there is cultural communication, there is culture shock. It can be illustrated by a simple case. A Chinese girl, who is a college student, experienced long-term acculturation when she came here at first. One day, she went to the bank to ask for the statement. When she arrived there, the officer told her that the statement must be posted, and she could not get it right away. She explained that it was urgently needed for visa, but the officer still insisted on his decision, which made her upset and frustrated. As opposed to it, in China, one can get a bank statement at any time. People will experience the impact of cultural differences in varying degrees from an ethnic region to a completely different one, especially to go to work, study and live abroad. The set of symbols, customs, behaviour patterns, social relations will be replaced by another set they are not familiar, which may bring about psychological anxiety, emotional instability, and even depression. In severe cases, it can result in a variety of psychological and physical diseases, worse, even mental problems or suicide. This is culture shock exactly. Culture shock has been an important source of interpersonal stress and conflict for those who are in a multicultural society. Generally speaking, culture shock is a phenomenon of cultural loss and mental imbalance, and it also can be seen as a process of the evolution of mental state in unfamiliar cultural settings. People experience varying degrees of culture shock. There are many factors affecting culture shock and the individual reactions, including previous experience with other cultures and cross-cultural adaptation, the degree of difference in ones own and the host culture, the degree of preparation, social support networks, and individual psychological characteristics. (Furnham Bochner, 1986) Nowadays, international students are playing an increasingly significant role in different countries, especially in western countries. They spend much money and time for higher education. After finishing the study, they usually go back home or stay to get a good job. Only if they overcome cultural shock can they continue learning and have the opportunity to carry out their dream. Otherwise, it will be a giant waste of time and money. Doubtlessly, these students have become vital for the study of culture shock. This essay is to address the definition, characteristics, phases, and causes of culture shock, and explore how it can affect foreign students through a collection of relevant examples. Literature Review In recent years, there is a growing literature in the area of culture shock, and many contributions to the mental health issues aroused by culture shock faced by foreign students (Thomas Althen, 1989). A number of scholars have discussed the definition of culture shock. Oberg (1960) popularised it to refer to the anxiety that results from losing all of our familiar signs and symbols of social intercourse. Adler (1975) suggested that culture shock is primarily a set of emotional reactions to the loss of perceptual reinforcements from ones own culture, to the new cultural stimuli which have little or no meaning, and to the misunderstanding of new and diverse experience. Barna (1976) extended the concept to include physiological aspects. Bennett (1977) viewed it as a subcategory of transition experiences. Regarding the symptoms of culture shock, although individual reactions differ from case to case, various scholars (e.g., Oberg, 1960; Adler, 1975) suggested some common symptoms, such as: feelings of impotence and withdrawal; fear of being cheated or injured; excessive concern on health; being homesick; and a state of nervous irritability. Moreover, Taft (1977) summarised a range of definitions and argued that culture shock is a feeling of impotence from the inability to cope with the environment, because of being unfamiliar with cognitive aspects and role-playing skills. He identified six different aspects of culture shock: 1. Tension due to the ongoing necessary psychological adjustment. 2. A sense of loss of friends, status, occupation and property. 3. Being not accepted by and/or accepting members of the new culture. 4. Confusion in role, role expectations, values, feelings and self-identity. 5. Surprise, anxiety, even disgust and anger after perceiving cultural differences. 6. Feeling of helplessness due to not being able to deal with the new circumstance. In terms of mental health issues, the widespread use of the two major concerns, namely, depression (e.g., David, 1971; Hojat, 1982) and anxiety (e.g., Lin Masuda, Tazuma, 1982) has been documented. Some studies have paid attention to helplessness (Arredondo-Dowd, 1981), social withdrawal, loneliness, and homesickness (Church, 1982; Cort King, 1979). Causes of Culture Shock When one enters an unfamiliar environment, why will he encounter culture shock? There are various explanations in the psychological studies. A traditional one is to link it to grief of the loss of friends or relatives, ascribing culture shock to the loss of certain things. People feel grieved due to the loss of close friends and family, while those in a different cultural context may be subjected to culture shock for losing a familiar frame of reference in an intercultural encounter, such as status, values, friends, and customs. (Bennett, 1977) A number of new theories have been proposed which elaborate it from different aspects. Different Values Value is a kind of social consciousness, and it can identify what kind of behavior, survival patterns and interaction guidelines will be adopted by individuals, groups or societies. There is neither any kind of values superior than others, nor that inferior. Any of them is unique. For example, comparing the Chinese and American cultures, it clearly can be seen that the American value individualism while the Chinese emphasise collectivism. American people emphasise individual rights, whereas Chinese people value their obligations to society. In intercultural communication, one from a different culture must respect values of the host culture to ensure the smoothness of communications. If people act as the opposite, culture shock will occur inevitably. Take some Muslim students for example. When living in America, there are many students from Muslim countries, especially females, who usually continue to wear traditional clothing; therefore they are actively resisting participating in th e American popular culture. This has been in the way of acculturation, which may isolate them from the environment and bring about anxiety or frustration. Ethnocentrism People tend to criticise the practices of another culture from the perspective of their own cultural values and beliefs. Ethnocentrism, constituted by ethno and centrism, refers to a cultural bias that leads people to judge another cultures habits and practices as right or wrong, good or bad (Samover Porter, 2000). This tendency will result in vanity of ones own cultures superiority, and contempt of outsiders, thereby influencing the adaption process. To illustrate, several cases will be presented. Chinese regard western food such as sandwich and hamburger as junk food. Americans are shocked that Chinese eat nearly all kinds of animals. Chinese think Hindus bathing in the river Ganges is unsanitary. Islamic counties are criticised for supposedly subordinating women. Western countries think Chinese forced-feeding education has no benefit for students. Ethnocentrism sometimes can produce positive social effects, including a very strong social status, which may enhance individual self-esteem, sense of loyalty and group survival consciousness, but also reduce internal contradictions. However, ethnocentric attitudes will cause negative social effects, which prevents people from learning new knowledge from other cultures and broaden new vision. In addition, to safeguard the status of national superiority, competition, fear, anger and hatred may increase, which leads to a variety of destructive conflicts. Ethnocentrism and culture is symbiotic, and each of us grows up in a certain culture, thus it is impossible to completely get rid of ethnocentrism. When students enter an unfamiliar cultural context, it is easy to judge the target culture as good or bad, right or wrong from the standpoint of their own cultural values. With the bias judgment, one cannot break the barriers to achieve intercultural understanding; therefore, culture shock occurs, which causes psychological and physiological stress and tension in communication contact. Preconceptions and Stereotypes The presence of preconceptions and stereotypes is a stumbling block to cultural contact. For instance, U.S. students try to keep distance to a noisy group from Middle East since the stereotype that the Arabs are inflammable. If one has regarded Japanese as inscrutable before his or her Japanese guests coming, he or she will probably see their behaviors (e.g., the constant smile) as much (Barna, 1994). Stereotypes help to reduce the threat of the unknown by making the world predictable (Becker, 1962). Stereotypes lead to overgeneralisation, and affect intercultural communication directly, because the predictions to the behaviours of the other party are based on their fixed views rather than whether they are accurate or fit the circumstances. Stereotypes are psychologically necessary to release our helplessness so as to interact with people in different situations. Stereotypes make people pay attention to what fit their initial impressions, and ignore the left. It prevents people from communicating with those from the distinct cultural backgrounds. As a psychological reason for culture shock, stereotypes are detrimental to the process of communication and have been an obstacle to intercultural interactions. Language Differences Language difference is a stumbling block in the adaption process. Vocabulary, syntax, idioms, slang, dialects, and so on all cause difficulty, but the person struggling with a different language is at least aware of being in trouble. (Barna, 1994) A big language problem is that users cling to one meaning of a word in the target language, without considering the specific context. Various meanings are so difficulty that they are often waved aside. Conceit and complacency will stop a search for understanding. Yes and no are classic examples. How to answer the question, Dont you know him? When a foreign student first hears it, he may answer yes, which means he does not know him. However, if he wants to express the meaning that he does know him, he has to answer no. There are some other problems, including the different styles of using target language. These differences may lead to wrong interpretations of tone and intent. Language skills are linked with adaptation effectiveness (DeVerthe lyi, 1995). Foreign students in the USA who cannot speak English well may be isolated socially, which will affect their academic achievement. For instance, one can order a cup of tea at a cafà ©; however, he or she may not discuss academic issues such as linguistics very well. Despite that he or she holds the idea, it cannot be presented by language. As mentioned above, language issue will result in academic and intercultural failures and further lead to high stress and depression which are the exact symptoms of culture shock. Avoiding Unfamiliar People and Things When students come to a new environment, they usually would like to assume similarities instead of differences between the host culture and their own culture, which can bring themselves a sense of intimacy and familiarity. Some other students prefer to stay with those from the same country and share experiences within the small circle. They avoid and resist people and things they are not familiar. Due to the avoidance, they cannot understand the new cultural identity, and even mistake their cultural norms as universal ones that everyone can accept. Once they find acts strange (different from them) they expect, confusion, disappointment, and even rejection will be produced. This phenomenon is widely present in communities of Chinese students. These students are together for everyday, and they cook, eat, go shopping, study, travel and chat with each other; moreover, they share joy and sorrow, and intentionally keep away from communicating with people from target culture. Generally, the y live in the small world created by themselves, and set up an obstruction in intercultural contact. With time going on, they become less brave to break up the barrier and reach an impasse of cultural contact. Level of Knowledge How should I greet when I first meet them, shaking hands or bowing? What should we talk about for initial meetings? Should I be more enthusiastic or control my facial expressions when talking with them? There is a long list of cultural norms needed to be learned by overseas students before or during a sojourn. Ones level of cultural knowledge may contribute to the acculturation (Begley, 2000). For example, overseas students studying in Britain should be aware of the different educational system and better ways to succeed in learning. Google claimed to withdraw the investment in China for it did not recognise the complicated realities of the country and finally failed in China. From these examples, we can understand that being aware of little general and specific cultural knowledge can cause communicative problems that may lead to culture shock.

System Analysis and Design Life Cycle Essay

There are nine parts to the system analysis and design life cycle. The first three stages are about gathering information. The first part of the cycle is initiation. This is when someone identifies a need or an opportunity. The second part of the cycle is the system concept development, which defines the scope or the boundary of the concepts. Next is the planning stage. During this stage the project management plan and other planning documentation is developed. This will be the basis for acquiring the resources needed to achieve a solution. The next three stages are about the actual design. The fourth stage is the requirements analysis. This is where the functional requirements document is created in which user needs are analyzed and user requirements are developed. The fifth stage, which is self-explanatory, is the design stage. This is where the systems design documents are created from the detailed requirements, focusing on how to deliver the required functionality. The sixth stage is the development stage. This is the part where the design is transformed into a complete information system. The final three stages are where everything comes together. During the integration and testing stage the developed system are tested to see if they perform as designed. Stage eight is implementation. This includes the implementation preparation and the implementation of the system into a production environment and the solution to any of the problems found in the integration and testing stage. Everything being discovered has a system in place. Following the steps above, with a little tweaking toward our goal, gives us a template to develop a successful database. When I type â€Å"Resolution Analysis† into the search bar, I get heading such as â€Å"Requirements Analysis – Software To Track All Requirements†, â€Å"Amazon.com: Getting It Right: Business Requirement Analysis Tools†, â€Å"Exploring Alternatives During Requirements An alysis†, and â€Å"Sociotechnical Requirements Analysis for Clinical Systems†.

Herodotus and the Scythians

The accounts of Scythia in Herodotus’ The Histories are organized in concurrence with the timeline of the Persian invasion of Scythia, led by King Darius, where as the invasion progresses Herodotus repeatedly digresses about the history of Scythia until the Persians and Scythians meet, at which point the apparent essence of the accounts of Scythia in The Histories, the Persian invasion, is concluded. Although Herodotus’ description of Scythia seems to be a byproduct of the accounts of King Darius, it is nonetheless thorough. Along with detailed descriptions of the origins of Scythia, as well as its diverse populace, Herodotus seems determined to write extensively on the geography of Scythia. Concerning the veracity of Herodotus’ accounts on Scythia, there is no effort to provide one point of view as fact, but instead he provides many possibilities and then gives input on which he believes to be most accurate. Because of this, there is little evidence supporting Herodotus having a Greek anti-†barbarian† bias. In fact, as Herodotus is considered by many to be the â€Å"proto-historian†, his work is not easily weighed against the efforts of those that followed. Rather, the stories Herodotus relates weaves a fuller more comprehensive picture of the time than later histories. This unschooled effort should not be construed to suggest a bias, but a rich and new writing style undiluted by the socratic method to follow in later years. Herodotus describes three possibilities for the origin of the Scythian nation. The first possibility described is the position of Scythian people who state that, â€Å"theirs is the youngest of all nations. †? As claimed by the Scythians, the first man born on Scythian soil was descendant from the daughter of the Borysthenes River and Zeus. This man, Targitaos, had three sons whose descendants were that of the first three tribes of Scythia. Herodotus clearly states he does not see much merit in this claim, but acknowledges that this is what the Scythians believe, â€Å"†¦ though that does not sound credible to me. Nevertheless, that is their claim. †? Because Herodotus acknowledges the position of the Scythians and does so politely, the idea that he has an anti-†Barbarian† bias is further diminished. His commentary disregarding the Scythian claims should not be construed as a bias, because it is not forced upon the reader. It is simply an his opinion that is completely up for discussion. This same idea applies to the next possibility of the origin of Scythia, because, although Herodotus does not necessarily believe it, he leaves open for discussion. The second possibility for the origin of Scythia described by Herodotus is according to the Hellenes. The Hellenes believed that Herakles, or Hercules, came to the land of Scythia before the Scythians and as he was heading through the land he came upon a woman who was half woman and half serpent. This woman and Herakles had three sons together and, at the request of Herakles, when they became men any of the three who could draw Herakles’ bow and wear his belt would stay in the future land of Scythia, whereas any of the three who could not do these things must leave.? The youngest of the sons, Scythes, was the only one who achieved this task and, â€Å"the descendants of Scythes son of Herakles have succeeded ever since to the kingship of the Scythians. † ? The third possibility of the origin of the Scythian nation discussed in The Histories is the one preferred by Herodotus. It says that the Scythians were originally from Asia, but because of conflict with other Asian inhabitants they left Asia and settled in was what to become Scythia. At that time Scythia is said to have been inhabited by Cimmerians, but when the Cimmerians learned of the approach of the large Scythian army they either fled or killed themselves. Herodotus believes this to be the most viable possibility of Scythian origin because there is remnants of Cimmerian ruins within Scythia.? After discussing the origin of the Scythian nation, Herodotus goes on to discuss the differences in the people who inhabit Scythia, based on there region. According to Herodotus the easternmost Scythians, know as the Greek Scythians, practice the same basic tenants of Scythian culture besides the fact that they grow grain, onion, garlic, lentils, and millet for sustenance. To the northeast of the Greek Scythians are the Scythian plowmen who, â€Å"grow grain not for their own consumption, but for sale. ? East of the plowmen are the Scythian farmers and southeast of the farmers are the Scythian nomads. The nomads do not farm, but instead live a nomadic lifestyle of hunting. Further east, across the Gerros River are the Royal Scythians. The Royal Scythians are considered to be the most noble of the Scythians and, â€Å"consider the rest of the Scythians their slaves. †? To the north of the Scythians, from west to east, are Neurians, the Maneaters, and the Black Cloaks.? Although Herodotus spends a lot of time discussing the different peoples of Scythia, most of the information given is in the form of stories or very detailed arbitrary aspects of Scythian culture, which does not have a central theme. One aspect of Herodotus’ accounts of Scythia that does have a central theme and is extensively discussed is the geography of Scythia and more specifically, the rivers of Scythia. It is clear that Herodotus was impressed by the rivers of Scythia and was eager to convey information about these rivers to his readers. He discusses each river that flows through Scythia territory, from west to east and credits the rivers for being the most important natural resources of the Scythians.? It is hard to say what information Herodotus deemed most important to know about the Scythians. Discussion on the customs of the Scythians is vast, but largely arbitrary, while remarkable emphasis is placed on the geographical tenants of the area of Scythia. Though, throughout Herodotus’ accounts of Scythia one aspect is largely consistent and that is his determination to provide multiple points of view regardless of the source. There is no real attempt to provide evidence on the veracity of what is being said, besides his commentary, but there is also no bias. Notes 1. Herodotus, â€Å"The Histories,† in Landmark Herodotus, ed. Robert B. Strassler (New York: Pantheon Books, 2007), 282. 2. Herodotus, 282. 3. Herodotus, 284-285. 4. Herodotus, 285. 5. Herodotus, 286-287. 6. Herodotus, 289. 7. Herodotus, 291. 8. Herodotus, 298. 9. Herodotus, 301-306. Bibliography Herodotus. â€Å"The Histories. † In Landmark Herodotus, edited by Robert B. Strassler, 282-306. New York: Pantheon Books, 2007.

How Do The Different Classes ( Upper, Middle, Working )...

How do the different classes (upper, middle, working) throw birthday party? Before I talk about how they throw their birthday party. Im going to explain my experiment is going to talk about how they react differently in their party. And when I say classes I mean rich people who their parents give them money, and middle class who are barely getting through, and working class are who went to college, but most likely she/ he dropped out of school/ collage to start work for he/ she family. The hook that I pick is social cuing. What is social cuing? In Opening Skinner s Box: John Darley and Bibb Latane experiment of the smoke coming from the vent is a hook is social cues. They, decieded, based on the social cues of the confederates, rather than the material evidence, to interpret the emergency use harmless failure of the air-conducting system, and under the spell of that story, they just k=hacked away until many minutes had passed, and there was a fine white film in there and , in their lips, and the examiner came in and called it off(104). So social cuing mean is like doing/imitation and like what professor Clark says monkey see monkey do. So if you do it the other will do the same thing too. In you re head, maybe you re going to say why I pick class? So I m going to explain it, I pick class because to see how they react difficulty to upper class to working class or working class to middle class. My experiment starts off with separate my subjects. Their going to beShow MoreRelated Workers Need a Living Wage Essay3068 Words   |  13 Pagesworkers, themselves to fight for equality in the corporate world. And they have done just that. 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